OPERATING SYSTEM-"OS" stands for Operating System, fundamental software that manages computer hardware and software resources

 

                   OPERATING SYSTEM-"OS" stands for Operating System, fundamental software that manages computer hardware and software resources 

"OS" stands for Operating System, fundamental software that manages computer hardware and software resources to provide common services for applications. It acts as an interface between the user and the computer, handling tasks like managing memory, the CPU, storage, and files to ensure smooth operation of the system and applications. Popular examples of operating systems include Microsoft Windows, Apple's Macos, and mobile platforms like Android and Ios.  

Key Functions of an Operating System:

Ø  Hardware Management: The OS allocates and controls access to hardware resources like the central processing unit (CPU), memory, and input/output (I/O) devices. 

Ø  User Interface: It provides the interface, whether graphical or command-line, that allows users to interact with the computer. 

Ø  Software Management: The OS manages software resources and provides services to applications, simplifying development. 

Ø  File System Management: It organizes and manages files and directories, allowing users to store, retrieve, and organize data. 

Ø  Process Management: The OS schedules and manages the execution of different processes (programs) running on the computer, ensuring efficient use of resources. 

Examples of Operating Systems: 

§  Windows: A common operating system for personal computers.

§  Macos: Apple's operating system found on Mac computers.

§  Android: A mobile operating system used on many smartphones and tablets.

§  IOS: Apple's mobile operating system for   I Phones and I Pads.

§  Linux:  An open-source operating system used on a wide range of devices

Features of Operating System:

v  Memory Management: The OS manages the computer's memory, using techniques like virtual memory to allocate memory to different processes. 

v  Resource Allocation: It distributes resources, including CPU time and I/O devices, to various processes, ensuring smooth operation. 

v  File Management: The OS organizes and manages files and directories on storage devices, providing a structured way to store and retrieve information. 

v  Device Management: It controls and communicates with hardware devices, such as printers, scanners, and network adapters, using device drivers. 

v  Program Execution: The OS facilitates the execution of programs, managing their startup, execution, and termination. 

v  Security: It provides system security features, including user authentication and access control, to protect the system and its data. 

v  Error Handling: The OS detects and handles errors that occur during system operation, helping to maintain system stability. 

Advantages of Operating System:

·         User-Friendly Interface: OSs provide a graphical user interface (GUI) that makes computers easy to use, even for non-technical users, simplifying complex operations and navigation. 

·         Resource Management: The OS manages and allocates system resources such as the CPU, memory, and storage devices, ensuring their efficient utilization by different applications. 

·         Multitasking: It enables multiple programs to run at the same time, improving productivity and user convenience. 

·         Data Security: Operating systems implement security measures like user authentication and access control to protect data from unauthorized access and harmful applications. 

·         No Coding Required: Users can run applications without needing to write complex code, as the OS handles the underlying complexities and interacts with hardware.