EMBEDDED SYSTEM INCLUDING THE APPLICATION OF INTERNET OF THINGS Applications of Embedded Systems

 

EMBEDDED SYSTEM   INCLUDING THE APPLICATION OF INTERNET OF THINGS Applications of Embedded Systems

Embedded System consists of a processor, memory, and input/output units and specific function within a larger system.

Embedded System are also called   Embedded Computers. Generally  speaking, they are small in form factor and drive specific computing tasks. Embedded  systems are useful in application with size, power, cost, or weight constraints.

How do work Embedded Systems

Embedded Systems are computers. They contain a combination of hardware and software such as microprocessors,   microcontrollers, volatile and   non-volatile memory, Graphics processing units (GPUs), input /output communication interfaces and ports, power supplies, and system and application code.

 However, embedded   four systems have main factors that differentiate from a typical workstation or server:  purpose design, cost, and   human involvement.

Like any other computer, embedded   systems leverage printed circuit boards (PCBs) programmed with software that guides the hardware on operation and data management   using memory input/output communication interfaces.

Types of Embedded Systems:

1.       Real- time embedded systems: prioritize prompt output generation and can be classified as soft real-time or hard real –time.

2.       Standalone embedded systems: can function independently without a host computer.

3.       Networked embedded systems:  rely  on  network  connections  and  communication  for  output generation.

4.       Mobile embedded systems: refer to small, portable devices such as smartphones and laptops.

Finally, when classified   based on microcontroller performance, embedded systems are divided into small-scale, and medium-scale, and sophisticated categories depending on the bit size of the microcontrollers.

Components of Embedded System

Ø  Hardware Components:

·         Power supply: The power supply component is an electrical unit responsible for powering up the electrical load of the embedded systems.

·         Microcontroller and microprocessor: Embedded systems come in two key variants: microcontroller- powered and microprocessor –powered. A form of integrated circuits, these components give the system its computing power.

·         Memory: The two types of memory are RAM (random access memory) and ROM (read only memory).

·         Timer and counter: Timers are used in application requiring the creation of a delay before the execution of specific functions by the embedded systems.

·         Input/output: Input components allow other components within larger interconnected infrastructure to interact with the embedded systems. The results are communicated to the required destination via the output component.

·         Communication interface: Communication interfaces enable embedded systems to establish communications with each other and other components within the larger system.

·         Printed circuit board (PCB): The PCB is crucial component within the electrical circuit of embedded systems.

·         Resistor: The resistor is an electronic component primarily responsible for producing resistance in the current flow.

·         Capacitor: A capacitor is an electrical circuit component with two terminals. it is mainly used for energy storage and release as the circuit requires.

·         Diode: A diode allows the current flow in only single direction. The component made of semiconductor materials such as germanium or silicon.

·         Transistors: In the electrical circuit, transistors are responsible for switching applications.

·         Integrated circuit: The IC combines numerous electrical components within one chip.

·         Light –emitting diode (LED): LED widely used in electrical circuit to indicate circuit functions correctly.

Software components of embedded systems:

o   Text editor: A text editor is the first software component needed for building an embedded system.

o   Compiler: This component’s core function is the development of an executable program.

o   Assembler:  The assembler is for instances where assembly language is the programming language used to build the application.

o   Emulator: This component makes the embedded system behave like a real, live system while operating in simulation environment.

o   Link editor: Software code is generally written in small-size pieces and modules.

o   Debugger: Finally, the debugger is a software component used for debugging and testing.

Applications of Embedded Systems:

1.       Global positioning system.

2.       Medical devices.

3.       Automotive.

4.       Automated fare collection.

5.       Fitness trackers.

6.       Home entertainment.

7.       Automated teller machine.

8.       Manufacturing.

9.       Internet of things

10.   Electrical vehicle charging stations.